The Reconstruction of Concepción, Chile
A Position Paper by Jan F. Brandejs, PhD and Leslie D. Devlen
1st Stage: Activities at Initial Stage of Disaster
1. Occurrence of Damage
1.1 Earthquake vibrations, geology and ground
1.2 Human injury
1.3 Damage to buildings
1.4 Damage to roads, railroads, local airport and lifelines
2. Initial Mobilization
2.1 Breakdown in communication
2.2 Emergency mobilization of local government staff and setting up of disaster control headquarters
2.3 Initial mobilization of the disaster prevention related government agencies
2.4 Response of various mass media
3. Actions of Victims
3.1 Evacuation activities
3.2. Opening of evacuation facilities
4. Rescues, Relief, and Emergency Medicine
4.1 Rescue and relief
4.2 Medical agencies in the disaster areas
4.3 Tie-ups among hospitals and transporting of patients
4.4 Rescue teams and support from other countries
5. Emergency Transport
5.1 Road transport
5.2 Air transport
6. Transport of Emergency Food and Other Supplies
6.1 Grasping the necessary volume and procurement
6.2 Transport network and transport means
6.3 Receiving, sorting, and delivery of goods
6.4 Procurement of necessary goods at evacuation facilities and delivery
7. Hygiene and Health
7.1 Handling corpses of victims
7.2 Securing toilets and handling human sewage
8. Emergency Response Related to Lifelines (Public Utilities, etc.)
8.1 Emergency response of telecommunications operator
8.2 Emergency response of electric power supply companies
8.3 Emergency response of city gas supply companies
8.4 Emergency response of water supply companies
2nd Stage: Emergency Measures for Disaster Areas
1. Operation of Evacuation Facilities and Management
1.1 Operation of evacuation facilities (tent camps)
1.2 Living environment at evacuation facilities
2. Supports for the Lives of Victims and Steps toward Normalization
2.1 Improving the system for supplying food and other necessities
2.2 Response to those persons needing special care at the time of a disaster
2.3 Provision of vital living information to disaster victims
3rd Stage: Start of Full-scale Restoration and Reconstruction Work
1. Moving Out of Evacuation Facilities to Temporary Housing Units
1.1 Prolongation of stay in evacuation facilities
1.2 Need to move out of and disband evacuation facilities
1.3 Temporary provision of public housing, etc.
1.4 Setup to supply temporary housing units
1.5 Construction of temporary housing units and start of use
2. Housing and Rebuilding of People’s Lives
2.1 Repair of housing units
2.2 Rebuilding of housing units
2.3 Various types of measures to financially assist rebuilding of housing units
2.4 Public donations
2.5 System of public assistance and loans
2.6 Reconstruction fund
3. Formulation of the Reconstruction Plan and Systematic Restoration
3.1 Policy of the national government toward reconstruction
3.2 Drawing up of recovery plans by local governments and the organizational setup
3.3 Decision-making on the city recovery plans
3.4 Beginning of ‘Digital Community’ development
4. Dismantling of the Damaged Buildings and Disposal of Debris
4.1 Acceptance of applications for disposal of disaster-related debris and wastes at public expense
4.2 Disposal and handling of wastes and debris from the disaster
4.3 Implementation of environmental policies
5. Restoration and Reconstruction of Industries
5.1 Damage to manufacturing industry and responding to financial needs
5.2 Manufacturing industry and local industries
5.3 Commerce, banking and retail trade
4th Stage: Problems and Tasks That Continue After the 3rd Stage
1. Rebuilding of People’s Lives
1.1 Living at the temporary housing units and assistance
1.2 Rebuilding of private homes and supply of new private homes
1.3 Supply of public housing for disaster-related use
1.4 Measures for transition to permanent homes
1.5 Securing of employment
1.6 Response of disaster victims outside of the city
1.7 Caring for mental health needs (people’s feelings and wellbeing).
2. Recovery of Industries and the Cities
2.1 Recovery of the population
2.2 Second-stage urban planning
2.3 Community development
2.4 Rebuilding of industry and the economy
2.5 Financial health of local governing bodies.